GrippeEspagneV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000187

Domestic use of bleach and infections in children: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Identifieur interne : 000187 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000186; suivant : 000188

Domestic use of bleach and infections in children: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Auteurs : Lidia Casas [Espagne] ; Ana Espinosa [Espagne] ; Alícia Borràs-Santos [Espagne] ; José Jacobs [Pays-Bas] ; Esmeralda Krop [Pays-Bas] ; Dick Heederik [Pays-Bas] ; Benoit Nemery [Belgique] ; Juha Pekkanen [Finlande] ; Anne Hyv Rinen [Finlande] ; Martin T Ubel [Finlande] ; Jan-Paul Zock [Espagne]

Source :

Occupational and environmental medicine [ 1470-7926 ] ; 2015.

RBID : pubmed:25838260

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Amygdalite (étiologie), Bronchite (étiologie), Désinfectants (effets indésirables), Enfant (MeSH), Enquêtes et questionnaires (MeSH), Espagne (MeSH), Exposition environnementale (effets indésirables), Femelle (MeSH), Finlande (MeSH), Grippe humaine (étiologie), Humains (MeSH), Irritants (effets indésirables), Modèles logistiques (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Odds ratio (MeSH), Otite (étiologie), Pays-Bas (MeSH), Pneumopathie infectieuse (étiologie), Produits dangereux (effets indésirables), Prévalence (MeSH), Sinusite (étiologie), Études transversales (MeSH).
MESH :
- effets indésirables : Désinfectants, Exposition environnementale, Irritants, Produits dangereux.
- étiologie : Amygdalite, Bronchite, Grippe humaine, Otite, Pneumopathie infectieuse, Sinusite.
- Enfant, Enquêtes et questionnaires, Espagne, Femelle, Finlande, Humains, Modèles logistiques, Mâle, Odds ratio, Pays-Bas, Prévalence, Études transversales.
Wicri :
- geographic : Finlande, Pays-Bas, Espagne.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Bronchitis (etiology), Child (MeSH), Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH), Disinfectants (adverse effects), Environmental Exposure (adverse effects), Female (MeSH), Finland (MeSH), Hazardous Substances (adverse effects), Humans (MeSH), Infections (etiology), Influenza, Human (etiology), Irritants (adverse effects), Logistic Models (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Netherlands (MeSH), Odds Ratio (MeSH), Otitis (etiology), Pneumonia (etiology), Prevalence (MeSH), Sinusitis (etiology), Spain (MeSH), Surveys and Questionnaires (MeSH), Tonsillitis (etiology).
MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Disinfectants, Hazardous Substances, Irritants.
- geographic : Finland, Netherlands, Spain.
- adverse effects : Environmental Exposure.
- etiology : Bronchitis, Infections, Influenza, Human, Otitis, Pneumonia, Sinusitis, Tonsillitis.
- Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To report the effects of bleach use at home on the frequency of infections in 9102 school-age children participating in the HITEA project.

METHODS

Parents of pupils aged 6-12 years from schools in Barcelona province (Spain), Utrecht province (the Netherlands) and Eastern and Central Finland were administered a questionnaire including questions on the frequency of infections (influenza, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis and pneumonia) in the past 12 months and bleach use at home. We developed multivariable mixed-effects multilogistic regression models to obtain relative risk ratios (RRR) and their 95% CI per country, and combined the RRR using random-effects meta-analyses.

RESULTS

Bleach use was common in Spain (72%, n=1945) and uncommon in Finland (7%, n=279). Overall, the prevalence of infections (recurrent or once) was higher among children of bleach users. Significant combined associations were shown for influenza only once (RRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), recurrent tonsillitis (RRR=1.35, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.71) and any infection (RRR=1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38).

CONCLUSIONS

Passive exposure to cleaning bleach in the home may have adverse effects on school-age children's health by increasing the risk of respiratory and other infections. The high frequency of use of disinfecting irritant cleaning products may be of public health concern, also when exposure occurs during childhood.

DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102701
PubMed: 25838260

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Casas, Lidia" sort="Casas, Lidia" uniqKey="Casas L" first="Lidia" last="Casas">Lidia Casas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Heederik, Dick" sort="Heederik, Dick" uniqKey="Heederik D" first="Dick" last="Heederik">Dick Heederik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Nemery, Benoit" sort="Nemery, Benoit" uniqKey="Nemery B" first="Benoit" last="Nemery">Benoit Nemery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Pekkanen, Juha" sort="Pekkanen, Juha" uniqKey="Pekkanen J" first="Juha" last="Pekkanen">Juha Pekkanen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Hyv Rinen, Anne" sort="Hyv Rinen, Anne" uniqKey="Hyv Rinen A" first="Anne" last="Hyv Rinen">Anne Hyv Rinen</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
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<author><name sortKey="T Ubel, Martin" sort="T Ubel, Martin" uniqKey="T Ubel M" first="Martin" last="T Ubel">Martin T Ubel</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zock, Jan Paul" sort="Zock, Jan Paul" uniqKey="Zock J" first="Jan-Paul" last="Zock">Jan-Paul Zock</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Bronchitis (etiology)</term>
<term>Child (MeSH)</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term>
<term>Disinfectants (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Environmental Exposure (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Finland (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hazardous Substances (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Infections (etiology)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (etiology)</term>
<term>Irritants (adverse effects)</term>
<term>Logistic Models (MeSH)</term>
<term>Male (MeSH)</term>
<term>Netherlands (MeSH)</term>
<term>Odds Ratio (MeSH)</term>
<term>Otitis (etiology)</term>
<term>Pneumonia (etiology)</term>
<term>Prevalence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sinusitis (etiology)</term>
<term>Spain (MeSH)</term>
<term>Surveys and Questionnaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tonsillitis (etiology)</term>
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<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amygdalite (étiologie)</term>
<term>Bronchite (étiologie)</term>
<term>Désinfectants (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Enfant (MeSH)</term>
<term>Enquêtes et questionnaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Espagne (MeSH)</term>
<term>Exposition environnementale (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Finlande (MeSH)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (étiologie)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Irritants (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Modèles logistiques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mâle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Odds ratio (MeSH)</term>
<term>Otite (étiologie)</term>
<term>Pays-Bas (MeSH)</term>
<term>Pneumopathie infectieuse (étiologie)</term>
<term>Produits dangereux (effets indésirables)</term>
<term>Prévalence (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sinusite (étiologie)</term>
<term>Études transversales (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Disinfectants</term>
<term>Hazardous Substances</term>
<term>Irritants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Finland</term>
<term>Netherlands</term>
<term>Spain</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Exposure</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Désinfectants</term>
<term>Exposition environnementale</term>
<term>Irritants</term>
<term>Produits dangereux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="etiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Bronchitis</term>
<term>Infections</term>
<term>Influenza, Human</term>
<term>Otitis</term>
<term>Pneumonia</term>
<term>Sinusitis</term>
<term>Tonsillitis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="étiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amygdalite</term>
<term>Bronchite</term>
<term>Grippe humaine</term>
<term>Otite</term>
<term>Pneumopathie infectieuse</term>
<term>Sinusite</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Child</term>
<term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Logistic Models</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Odds Ratio</term>
<term>Prevalence</term>
<term>Surveys and Questionnaires</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Enfant</term>
<term>Enquêtes et questionnaires</term>
<term>Espagne</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Finlande</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Modèles logistiques</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Odds ratio</term>
<term>Pays-Bas</term>
<term>Prévalence</term>
<term>Études transversales</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Finlande</term>
<term>Pays-Bas</term>
<term>Espagne</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>
</p>
<p>To report the effects of bleach use at home on the frequency of infections in 9102 school-age children participating in the HITEA project.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b>
</p>
<p>Parents of pupils aged 6-12 years from schools in Barcelona province (Spain), Utrecht province (the Netherlands) and Eastern and Central Finland were administered a questionnaire including questions on the frequency of infections (influenza, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis and pneumonia) in the past 12 months and bleach use at home. We developed multivariable mixed-effects multilogistic regression models to obtain relative risk ratios (RRR) and their 95% CI per country, and combined the RRR using random-effects meta-analyses.</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b>
</p>
<p>Bleach use was common in Spain (72%, n=1945) and uncommon in Finland (7%, n=279). Overall, the prevalence of infections (recurrent or once) was higher among children of bleach users. Significant combined associations were shown for influenza only once (RRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), recurrent tonsillitis (RRR=1.35, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.71) and any infection (RRR=1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38).</p>
</div>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>
</p>
<p>Passive exposure to cleaning bleach in the home may have adverse effects on school-age children's health by increasing the risk of respiratory and other infections. The high frequency of use of disinfecting irritant cleaning products may be of public health concern, also when exposure occurs during childhood.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25838260</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>10</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1470-7926</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>72</Volume>
<Issue>8</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>Aug</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Occupational and environmental medicine</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Occup Environ Med</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Domestic use of bleach and infections in children: a multicentre cross-sectional study.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>602-4</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1136/oemed-2014-102701</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To report the effects of bleach use at home on the frequency of infections in 9102 school-age children participating in the HITEA project.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Parents of pupils aged 6-12 years from schools in Barcelona province (Spain), Utrecht province (the Netherlands) and Eastern and Central Finland were administered a questionnaire including questions on the frequency of infections (influenza, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis and pneumonia) in the past 12 months and bleach use at home. We developed multivariable mixed-effects multilogistic regression models to obtain relative risk ratios (RRR) and their 95% CI per country, and combined the RRR using random-effects meta-analyses.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Bleach use was common in Spain (72%, n=1945) and uncommon in Finland (7%, n=279). Overall, the prevalence of infections (recurrent or once) was higher among children of bleach users. Significant combined associations were shown for influenza only once (RRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), recurrent tonsillitis (RRR=1.35, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.71) and any infection (RRR=1.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Passive exposure to cleaning bleach in the home may have adverse effects on school-age children's health by increasing the risk of respiratory and other infections. The high frequency of use of disinfecting irritant cleaning products may be of public health concern, also when exposure occurs during childhood.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Casas</LastName>
<ForeName>Lidia</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Espinosa</LastName>
<ForeName>Ana</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Borràs-Santos</LastName>
<ForeName>Alícia</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jacobs</LastName>
<ForeName>José</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krop</LastName>
<ForeName>Esmeralda</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heederik</LastName>
<ForeName>Dick</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nemery</LastName>
<ForeName>Benoit</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pekkanen</LastName>
<ForeName>Juha</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hyvärinen</LastName>
<ForeName>Anne</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Täubel</LastName>
<ForeName>Martin</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zock</LastName>
<ForeName>Jan-Paul</ForeName>
<Initials>JP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>02</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>Occup Environ Med</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9422759</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1351-0711</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D004202">Disinfectants</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D015386">Hazardous Substances</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007509">Irritants</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Occup Environ Med. 2016 Mar;73(3):215</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">26838029</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Occup Environ Med. 2016 Mar;73(3):215-6</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">26858098</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
</CommentsCorrectionsList>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001991" MajorTopicYN="N">Bronchitis</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004202" MajorTopicYN="N">Disinfectants</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004781" MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental Exposure</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005387" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Finland</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015386" MajorTopicYN="N">Hazardous Substances</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007239" MajorTopicYN="N">Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="Y">etiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="Y">etiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007509" MajorTopicYN="N">Irritants</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="Y">adverse effects</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016015" MajorTopicYN="N">Logistic Models</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009426" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Netherlands</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016017" MajorTopicYN="N">Odds Ratio</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010031" MajorTopicYN="N">Otitis</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011014" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015995" MajorTopicYN="N">Prevalence</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012852" MajorTopicYN="N">Sinusitis</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013030" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Spain</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011795" MajorTopicYN="N">Surveys and Questionnaires</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014069" MajorTopicYN="N">Tonsillitis</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="Y">etiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>12</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>4</Month>
<Day>4</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>4</Month>
<Day>4</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year>
<Month>9</Month>
<Day>26</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25838260</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">oemed-2014-102701</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1136/oemed-2014-102701</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>Finlande</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
</country>
<region><li>Catalogne</li>
<li>Utrecht (province)</li>
<li>Uusimaa</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Barcelone</li>
<li>Helsinki</li>
<li>Utrecht</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université d'Helsinki</li>
<li>Université d'Utrecht</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Casas, Lidia" sort="Casas, Lidia" uniqKey="Casas L" first="Lidia" last="Casas">Lidia Casas</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Borras Santos, Alicia" sort="Borras Santos, Alicia" uniqKey="Borras Santos A" first="Alícia" last="Borràs-Santos">Alícia Borràs-Santos</name>
<name sortKey="Espinosa, Ana" sort="Espinosa, Ana" uniqKey="Espinosa A" first="Ana" last="Espinosa">Ana Espinosa</name>
<name sortKey="Zock, Jan Paul" sort="Zock, Jan Paul" uniqKey="Zock J" first="Jan-Paul" last="Zock">Jan-Paul Zock</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Jacobs, Jose" sort="Jacobs, Jose" uniqKey="Jacobs J" first="José" last="Jacobs">José Jacobs</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Heederik, Dick" sort="Heederik, Dick" uniqKey="Heederik D" first="Dick" last="Heederik">Dick Heederik</name>
<name sortKey="Krop, Esmeralda" sort="Krop, Esmeralda" uniqKey="Krop E" first="Esmeralda" last="Krop">Esmeralda Krop</name>
</country>
<country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nemery, Benoit" sort="Nemery, Benoit" uniqKey="Nemery B" first="Benoit" last="Nemery">Benoit Nemery</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Finlande"><region name="Uusimaa"><name sortKey="Pekkanen, Juha" sort="Pekkanen, Juha" uniqKey="Pekkanen J" first="Juha" last="Pekkanen">Juha Pekkanen</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Hyv Rinen, Anne" sort="Hyv Rinen, Anne" uniqKey="Hyv Rinen A" first="Anne" last="Hyv Rinen">Anne Hyv Rinen</name>
<name sortKey="T Ubel, Martin" sort="T Ubel, Martin" uniqKey="T Ubel M" first="Martin" last="T Ubel">Martin T Ubel</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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Domestic use of bleach and infections in children: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Domestic use of bleach and infections in children: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

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